A Multisite Study to Examine the Efficacy of the Otoacoustic Emission/Automated Auditory Brainstem Response Newborn Hearing Screening Protocol

Results of Visual Reinforcement Audiometry

¹ University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
² University of Hawaiì, Honolulu
³ National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management, Utah State University, Logan
⁴ Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
⁵ Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI
⁶ Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children and Women, Orlando, FL
⁷ Via Christi Regional Medical Center, Wichita, KS
⁸ New England Center for Hearing Rehabilitation, Hampton, CT
⁹ Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY
¹⁰ Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
¹¹ Kapiòlani Medical Center for Women and Infants, Honolulu, HI

jwiden{at}kumc.edu

Purpose: This 3rd of 4 articles on a study of the efficacy of the 2-stage otoacoustic emission/automated auditory brainstem response (OAE/A-ABR) newborn hearing screening protocol describes (a) the behavioral audiometric protocol used to validate hearing status at 8–12 months of age, (b) the hearing status of the sample, and (c) the success of the visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) protocol across 7 sites.

Method: A total of 973 infants who failed OAE but passed A-ABR, in one or both ears, during newborn screening were tested with a VRA protocol, supplemented by tympanometry and OAE screening at age 8–12 months.

Results: VRA audiograms (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kHz) were obtained for 1,184 (82.7%) of the 1,432 study ears. Hearing loss was ruled out in another 100 ears by VRA in combination with OAE, for a total of 88.7% of the study sample. Permanent hearing loss was identified in 30 ears of 21 infants. Sites differed in their success with the VRA protocol.

Conclusions: Continued monitoring of hearing beyond the newborn period is an important component of early detection of hearing loss. Using a structured protocol, VRA is an appropriate test method for most, but not all, infants. A battery of test procedures is often needed to adequately delineate hearing loss in infants. Examiner experience appears to be a factor in successful VRA.

Key Words: visual reinforcement audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, automated brainstem response audiometry, tympanometry

Submitted on May 7, 2005
Accepted on November 8, 2005

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