AJA Papers in Press
Published online October 31, 2008
American Journal of Audiology 2008; doi:10.1044/1059-0889(2008/08-0002)

American Journal of Audiology 2009;18:3.

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Article

Laryngologist Leon Zamenhof–Brother of Dr Esperanto

Andrzej Wincewicz

Department of History of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok
Departments of Pathomorphology, Collegium Pathologicum, Medical University of Bialystok

Mariola Sulkowska

Departments of Pathomorphology, Collegium Pathologicum, Medical University of Bialystok

Marcin Musiatowicz

Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwik Zamenhof Memorial Children's Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-273 Bialystok, Poland

Stanislaw Sulkowski

Departments of Pathomorphology, Collegium Pathologicum, Medical University of Bialystok

Andrzej Wincewicz, Departments of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland, Mobile Telephone: 506660426, Fax: +48-85-748 59 44, e-mail: ruahpolin{at}yahoo.com

Purpose: This work was focused as a reconstruction of the biography of Leon Zamenhof, a brother of Ludwik Zamenhof, who is famous for invention of the international language, Esperanto.

Method: Biographical information was collected from pre-war resources about Leon Zamenhof.

Results: The Polish otorhinolaryngologist Leon Zamenhof (1875-1934) developed several important new forms of treatment to help the hearing impaired. Zamenhof was specially interested in the education of deaf children and the necessary therapy to facilitate their social integration. His significant achievements were a phonetic method of therapy for the hearing impaired and an automatic device for ear insufflation that in his time was considered indispensable in the management of pyorrhea. In addition, Leon Zamenhof initiated various forms of social support among physicians within the Warsaw medical community, introduced the availability of health care for children with hearing impairments, and organized a Jewish school for deaf children. Zamenhof tried to change public attitudes toward deafness, working to promote the integration of the deaf into wider society. He also translated Polish literature into Esperanto.

Conclusions: With similar aims to Ludwik, Leon Zamenhof strived to enhance and broaden communication among people who could not hear whether due to deafness or to prejudice.

Key Words: Deafness, hearing, otolaryngology, Esperanto, social medicine


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